This analysis reveals a pervasive and urgent skills gap across agri-food value chains in Uganda, Nigeria, Ghana, Italy, Portugal, and Poland. Drawing on survey data from agri-food enterprises (n=19), VET providers (n=13), and policymakers (n=30), the findings demonstrate that workforce deficiencies are not isolated incidents but systemic barriers to productivity, competitiveness, and growth. Agri-food enterprises consistently report critical skill shortages across multiple domains. Food safety and quality assurance emerge as paramount concerns, with companies across all countries emphasizing the need for staff trained in hygiene standards, HACCP protocols, traceability systems, and certification readiness.